See Polak on Wiktionary
{
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{
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{
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"name": "ety"
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"2": "pl",
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"name": "bor+"
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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{
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{
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[
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"(slang) Polack (person of Polish descent)"
],
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"tags": [
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{
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{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
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],
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{
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],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "fr",
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"word": "polaque"
},
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polakk"
},
{
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"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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},
{
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"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Polka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "Polaki",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowi",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "Polakom",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
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]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakiem",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakami",
"source": "declension",
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"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
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"vocative"
]
}
],
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"f": "Polka"
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"expansion": "Polak m pers (female equivalent Polka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
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],
"hyphenation": [
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],
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{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
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"3": "Polacy"
},
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],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 17 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 17 65",
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{
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{
"_dis": "17 16 67",
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{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "21 20 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 26 44",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "pl:Nationalities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 78",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Poland",
"orig": "pl:Poland",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pole"
],
"id": "en-Polak-pl-noun-WT-rTjhZ",
"links": [
[
"Pole",
"Pole"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "polski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "polsko"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Polska"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.lak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlak"
},
{
"homophone": "polak"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
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"2": ":af",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȍľe<t:field>",
"4": "-ak<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Douglas Harper (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001–2026), “Pole”, in <cite>Online Etymology Dictionary</cite>.</span></span> !!! Kraitsir, C. V. (1837). The Poles in the United States of America: Preceded by the Earliest History of the Slavonians, and by the History of Poland. United States: Kiderlen and Stollmeyer, p. 64 !!! Kalman, B., Virágos, Z., Kálmán, B. (1978). The world of names : a study in Hungarian onomatology. Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 107>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȍľe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Polak\">\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Polak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Polak m pers",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Po‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Po‧lak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "Polaków",
"nomp": "Polakowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish male surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "88 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"id": "en-Polak-pl-name-IRlLAcDj",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.lak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlak"
},
{
"homophone": "polak"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȍľe<t:field>",
"4": "-ak<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Douglas Harper (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001–2026), “Pole”, in <cite>Online Etymology Dictionary</cite>.</span></span> !!! Kraitsir, C. V. (1837). The Poles in the United States of America: Preceded by the Earliest History of the Slavonians, and by the History of Poland. United States: Kiderlen and Stollmeyer, p. 64 !!! Kalman, B., Virágos, Z., Kálmán, B. (1978). The world of names : a study in Hungarian onomatology. Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 107>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȍľe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Polak\">\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polak f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Po‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Po‧lak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish female surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Polakowa"
},
{
"word": "Polakówna"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"id": "en-Polak-pl-name-yitEyztR",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.lak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlak"
},
{
"homophone": "polak"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pl",
"3": "Polak"
},
"expansion": "Polish Polak",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Polish Polak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Polak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Po",
"lak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch proper nouns",
"Dutch surnames",
"Dutch terms derived from Polish",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑk"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/poːˈlɑk/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-Polak.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/Nl-Polak.ogg/Nl-Polak.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Nl-Polak.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑk"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Poland"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Polaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Polak (plural Polaks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Polack"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of Polack."
],
"links": [
[
"Polack",
"Polack#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pl:Polak"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"field\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȍľe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Polak\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pl",
"3": "Polak"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Polish Polak",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Polak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Polaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polack",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "polak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "polaque",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "Polak m (plural Polaks)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French slang",
"French terms borrowed from Polish",
"French terms derived from Old Polish",
"French terms derived from Polish",
"French terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"French terms spelled with K",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"Polack (person of Polish descent)"
],
"links": [
[
"Polack",
"Polack"
],
[
"Polish",
"Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Polack (person of Polish descent)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Polonais"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.lak/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-Polak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-Polak.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-Polak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-Polak.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-Polak.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔlak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔlak/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Poland"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Polack"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polak"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polakki"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polaque"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polacco"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polakk"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polaco"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polaco"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "polack"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȍľe<t:field>",
"4": "-ak<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Douglas Harper (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001–2026), “Pole”, in <cite>Online Etymology Dictionary</cite>.</span></span> !!! Kraitsir, C. V. (1837). The Poles in the United States of America: Preceded by the Earliest History of the Slavonians, and by the History of Poland. United States: Kiderlen and Stollmeyer, p. 64 !!! Kalman, B., Virágos, Z., Kálmán, B. (1978). The world of names : a study in Hungarian onomatology. Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 107>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȍľe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Polak\">\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Polka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-pers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Polak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polacy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Polacy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "Polka"
},
"expansion": "Polak m pers (female equivalent Polka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Po‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Po‧lak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Pola",
"2": "k",
"3": "Polacy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-pers"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "polski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "polsko"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Polska"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Pole"
],
"links": [
[
"Pole",
"Pole"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.lak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlak"
},
{
"homophone": "polak"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔlak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔlak/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȍľe<t:field>",
"4": "-ak<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Douglas Harper (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001–2026), “Pole”, in <cite>Online Etymology Dictionary</cite>.</span></span> !!! Kraitsir, C. V. (1837). The Poles in the United States of America: Preceded by the Earliest History of the Slavonians, and by the History of Poland. United States: Kiderlen and Stollmeyer, p. 64 !!! Kalman, B., Virágos, Z., Kálmán, B. (1978). The world of names : a study in Hungarian onomatology. Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 107>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȍľe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Polak\">\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Polak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Polaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Polakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Polak m pers",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Po‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Po‧lak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "Polaków",
"nomp": "Polakowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish male surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.lak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlak"
},
{
"homophone": "polak"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔlak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔlak/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities",
"pl:Poland"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Polakowa"
},
{
"word": "Polakówna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "sla-pro:*pȍľe<t:field>",
"4": "-ak<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Douglas Harper (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001–2026), “Pole”, in <cite>Online Etymology Dictionary</cite>.</span></span> !!! Kraitsir, C. V. (1837). The Poles in the United States of America: Preceded by the Earliest History of the Slavonians, and by the History of Poland. United States: Kiderlen and Stollmeyer, p. 64 !!! Kalman, B., Virágos, Z., Kálmán, B. (1978). The world of names : a study in Hungarian onomatology. Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 107>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*pȍľe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Polak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Polak\">\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-der.\nProto-Slavic *pȍľe\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish Polak\nFrom Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) + Polish -ak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polak f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Po‧lak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Po‧lak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish female surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.lak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlak"
},
{
"homophone": "polak"
}
],
"word": "Polak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Polak meaning in All languages combined (27.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.